আধুনিক জ্ঞানালোকে (মৃত) সঞ্জীবনী ও বিশল্যকরণী



আধুনিক জ্ঞানালোকে (মৃত) সঞ্জীবনী ও বিশল্যকরণী


আধুনিক জ্ঞানালোকে (মৃত) সঞ্জীবনী ও বিশল্যকরণী

ড. সুবোধ চন্দ্র গরাই

সংস্কৃত ভাষায় রচিত ভারতীয় মহাকাব্য শ্রীমৎ বাল্মিকী রামায়ণের যুদ্ধ কাণ্ডের ৭৪ নং সর্গের ২৯-৩৪ নং শ্লোকে লক্ষ্মণের শক্তিশেল নামক অস্ত্রে মৃতপ্রায় অবস্থা থেকে সুস্থ করার বিষয়ে বিবরণ রয়েছে এবং উক্ত লক্ষ্য কার্যকরী করার জন্য চারটি ভেষজের উল্লেখ রয়েছে; যথাঃ (১) মৃত সঞ্জীবনী, (২) বিশল্যকরণী, (৩) সুবর্ণকরণী এবং (৪) সন্ধানী (৩৩ নং শ্লোক) এবং ঐ চারটি ভেষজকে যথাক্রমে (১) মৃতকে জীবন দান, (২) অস্ত্রোন্মোচন ও ক্ষতস্থান আরোগ্য-করণ, (৩) সমস্ত ক্ষতস্থান নিশ্চিহ্ন-করণ ও ত্বকের রং ফিরিয়ে আনা এবং (৪) অঙ্গ-প্রত্যঙ্গ জোড়া দেওয়া ও হাড়ের ফাটল সারিয়ে তোলার জন্য প্রয়োজনীয় মনে করা হয়েছিল। এক্ষণে, ঐ বিবরণটির সত্যাসত্য তথা বাস্তবতা বিচার করে ঐটিকে তথ্য হিসাবে নিশ্চিতভাবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত করা প্রায় অসম্ভব প্রচেষ্টা মাত্র! তবে, আধুনিক প্রযুক্তি তথা চিকিৎসা-বিজ্ঞানের আলোকে এবং বর্তমান কালেও লোকাচার ও ব্যবহার অনুধাবন করে যে আনুষঙ্গিক তথ্যাবলী মেনে নেওয়া যেতে পারে তাই এই প্রবন্ধে তুলে ধরার চেষ্টা করছি। ক্রমান্বয়ে, এখানে প্রথমোল্লিখিত ২টি ভেষজ অর্থাৎ সঞ্জীবনী ও বিশল্যকরণী সম্পর্কে আধুনিক ধারনা তথা পরিচিতি, সাধারণ প্রাপ্তিস্থান, ভেষজ হিসাবে ব্যবহার ও গবেষণা প্রসঙ্গে আলোচনা করা হল।

বর্তমানে সঞ্জীবনী নামে পরিচিত যে গুল্মটি সেই গুল্মটিকেই যদি মৃত সঞ্জীবনী ধরা যায় (কারণ সঞ্জীবনী বা মৃত সঞ্জীবনী নামে অন্য কোন উদ্ভিদকে পরিচিত করান হয় না এবং আজ পর্যন্ত ভারতীয় যত গবেষণা হয়েছে প্রত্যেকটিতেই একটি বিশেষ উদ্ভিদকেই সঞ্জীবনী হিসাবে নামকরণ করা হয়েছে) তাহলে সেই উদ্ভিদটিকে আমরা প্রায় সকলেই বিশেষতঃ আমরা বয়স্করা দেখেছি ও চিনি – কারণ প্রায়শঃই কলকাতা বা অন্য বড় শহরে সাধারণতঃ অবাঙ্গালী বিক্রেতারা বস্তায় করে এনে নিতান্তই কমদামে পথচলা রাস্তার পাশেই শুকনো অবস্থায় গুচ্ছ গুচ্ছ করে বিক্রী করে। এর উদ্ভিদ-বিজ্ঞানের ভাষায় বৈজ্ঞানিক নামটি হলঃ Selaginella bryopteris (L.) Baker (পরিবারঃ Selaginellaceae অর্থাৎ Spikemosses) এবং যদিও এটি গুচ্ছাকারে শুকনো অবস্থায় (কিন্তু গুঁড়ো হয়ে যায় না) বিক্রয় করা হয় তবুও ঐ গুচ্ছটি সারাদিন-রাত জলে ভিজিয়ে রাখলে পুনরুজ্জীবিত হয়ে এমনই সবুজ ও উজ্জীবিত হয়ে উঠে যে কেনার সময় যে হাল দেখা গিয়েছিল তার সঙ্গে তুলনা করাই কঠিন হয়! এই ফার্ণের মত গুল্মটি আমাদের ভারতবর্ষে প্রধানতঃ হিমালয়ে মিলে এবং অধুনা অরুণাচল প্রদেশেও সন্ধান মিলেছে। প্রসঙ্গতঃ উল্লেখ্য যে, এই “Selaginella” গণের অন্তর্ভূক্ত বহু প্রজাতী (গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অনুরূপ একটি হল Selaginella tamariscina) রয়েছে এবং অধিকাংশ প্রজাতীই ভারতবর্ষে লভ্য। এর অন্যান্য ভাষায় যে নামগুলি পাওয়া গেছে সেগুলি হলঃ Agrimony, সঞ্জীবিনী, संजीवनी, संजीवनी बूटी, సంజీవని, സഞ്ജീവനി, ಸಂಜೀವಿನಿ, ਸੰਜੀਵਨੀ প্রভৃতি। গুল্মটি থেকে Myo-Inositol, Scyllo-Inositol, L-Fucitol, Lupeol, Catechine, Gallic Acid, Amentoflavone, Lanaroflavone, 2,3-DihydroHinokiflavone, Heveaflavone, (+)-Syringaresinol, β-Sitosterol β-D-Glucoside, Vanillic Acid, Aniline, Imidazole ইত্যাদি নামে চিকিৎসাক্ষেত্রে উপকারী রাসায়নিক যৌগ তথা ফাইটোকেমিক্যাল পাওয়া যায় – এই ধরণের গুল্ম থেকে বাইফ্লেভোন জাতীয় (যেমন, ঐ Amentoflavone, Lanaroflavone ইত্যাদি) ফাইটোকেমিক্যালগুলির চিকিৎসাক্ষেত্রে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা রয়েছে। এই যাদুকরী বলে পরিচিত বহুগুণের গাছ তথা গুল্মটির ভেষজ হিসাবে শিকড়ের চেয়ে পাতাই বেশি কার্যকরী এবং স্বল্পকালের ও স্থায়ী বহু অসুখে (স্পার্মাটোরিয়া, যৌনরোগ, কোষ্ঠকাঠিন্য, বদহজম, কোলাইটিস, প্রস্রাবের ব্যাধি প্রভৃতি) পৃথিবীর বিভিন্ন অঞ্চলে ব্যবহৃত হয়। জীবানু-নাশক বলে যদিও এর প্রধান ব্যবহার ক্ষত নিরাময় করা তবুও গাছটির গুণাগুণের উপর সারা দুনিয়াব্যাপি অসংখ্য যে গবেষণা এপর্যন্ত সম্পাদিত হয়েছে তাতে দেখা গেছে গুল্মটির বহুমুত্র তথা ডায়াবেটিস রোগে, জ্বালা যন্ত্রণা দায়ক পীড়ায়, রক্ত-তঞ্চন রোধ উদ্দেশ্যে, স্মৃতি-বর্ধনকর ইত্যাদি কার্যকারিতা গবেষণায় প্রতিষ্ঠিত হয়েছে; এমনকি এটি কর্কট-রোগ তথা ক্যান্সার নিরাময়ের যোগ্যতা সম্পন্ন ও জন্ম-নিয়ন্ত্রণেও উপযোগী বিবেচিত হয়েছে – যদিও অধিকাংশ গবেষণাই মনুষ্যেতর প্রাণী বিশেষতঃ ইঁদুরকে নিয়ে করা হয়েছে।

অতঃপর, আসা যাক বিশল্যকরণী প্রসঙ্গে। এই গুল্মটির বৈজ্ঞানিক নামটি হলঃ Polygonum recumbens Royle ex Bab. ও উদ্ভিদটি Polygonaceae পরিবারের অন্তর্ভূক্ত কিন্তু বিভিন্ন ব্যক্তিবর্গ (বিশেষতঃ ইউ-টিউব ভিডিওগুলিতে) অন্য নানা গুল্মকে (যেমন, বাংলাদেশের অনেকেই Asteraceae পরিবারস্থ आयापन् তথা Aya-pana, Water hemp যার বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম Ayapana triplinervis (M.Vahl) R.M.King & H.Rob. কিংবা Polygonaceae পরিবারস্থ Persicaria maculosa তথা Polygonum persicaria প্রজাতীকে) এই “বিশল্যকরণী” নামে অভিহিত করেছেন অর্থাৎ পরিচিত করিয়েছেন – সুতরাং, সংশ্লিষ্ট ব্যবহারকারিদের তথ্যাবলী সাবধানে ব্যবহার করার অনুরোধ করা হল। তবে এই বিশল্যকরণী (অর্থাৎ, Polygonum recumbens Royle ex Bab. যা হিমালয়ের গাড়োয়াল-কুমায়ুন অঞ্চলে প্রধানতঃ পাওয়া যায়) সম্পর্কে যেমনই ভীষণ কম বিবরণ, ছবি, ভিডিও পাওয়া যায় তেমনই গবেষণা হয়েছে নিতান্তই কম, সুদূর অতীতে সম্পাদিত ও সারাংশ ছাড়া সম্পূর্ণ গবেষণাপত্র দুর্লভ (যদিও এই Polygonum Royle ex Bab. গণের সাধারণতঃ বিদেশে লভ্য অন্য কয়েকটি প্রজাতীকে নিয়ে যথেষ্ট গবেষণা হয়েছে) – সুতরাং, এখানে আলোচিত মূলতঃ ভারতের পাহাড়ী এলাকায় লভ্য বিশল্যকরণীর উপর গবেষণার বিশাল এক সুযোগ রয়েছে। বিভিন্ন ভাষায় নামও তেমন বেশি মিলে না; তবে, হিন্দিতে নাম ओग्ला झार ও ইংরাজী নামটি হলঃ Creeping Knotweed এবং মুষ্টিমেয় গুটিকয়েক ওয়েব-সাইট থেকে ছবি ও বিবরণ পাওয়া গেছে – এরূপই একটি নির্ভরযোগ্য ওয়েব-সাইটের ঠিকানা https://efloraofindia.com/2011/03/23/polygonum-recumbens/ – এটিতে গুল্মটির বেশ কিছু ছবি রয়েছে এবং গুল্মটিকে “বিশল্যকরণী” নামেই সুনির্দিষ্টভাবে পরিচিত করান হয়েছে। https://cb.imsc.res.in/imppat/phytochemical/Polygonum%20recumbens-এই ওয়েবসাইটটিতে রাসায়নিক কাঠামো সহকারে গুল্মটি থেকে লভ্য ৬টি রাসায়নিক যৌগ তথা ফাইটোকেমিক্যালকে সারণীবদ্ধ করা হয়েছে; যথাঃ Vogelin, β-Sitosterol, β-Sitosterol-β-D-Glucoside, Daucosterol ইত্যাদি – এই ভোগেলিন্ (যা পাতা, কচি ডাল ও শিকড়ে লভ্য) নামক ফাইটোকেমিক্যলটির উচ্চ-রত্তচাপ কমানোর ক্ষমতা রয়েছে বলে জানা যায়। এই Polygonum গণের অন্য বেশ কিছু প্রজাতীর উপর একটি গবেষণা-পত্রে (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330749150_Analysis_of_the_Phytochemistry_and_Bioactivity_of_the_Genus_Polygonum_of_Polygonaceae) বহু ফাইটোকেমিক্যালের অস্তিত্ব ২০১৮ সালে প্রকাশিত হয়েছে। গুল্মটির প্রচলিত সাধারণ ভেষজ হিসাবে ব্যবহার হলঃ রক্তপিত্তের কারণে রক্তবমি হলে শিকড়, কাটা অঙ্গ ও হাড় জোড়া দিতে, বিষাক্ত বা পোড়া ঘা সারাতে এবং দাঁতের ব্যাথায় পাতা, পোকা-মাকড় বা বিছার কামড়ে পাতা ও মূল কার্যকরী; তাছাড়া কাঁটা-ফোঁটা, চুলকানি, একজিমা প্রভৃতিতে পাতার রস উপকারী বলে গণ্য করা হয় – সর্বোপরি, পাতা ও মূল জীবানু-নাশক ও অ্যান্টি-অক্সিডেন্ট।

এখানে বর্ণিত ভেষজ উদ্ভিদ দুইটি সম্পর্কে অতি বিস্তারিতভাবে বিভিন্ন ভাষায় এলাকাভিত্তিক প্রচলিত নাম ও বৈজ্ঞানিক নামগুলি, অসংখ্য ছবি ও ভিডিও, বাংলা ও ইংরাজীতে বিবরণ এবং সর্বোপরি অদ্যাবধি সারা দুনিয়াব্যাপি প্রধানতঃ ইংরাজী ভাষায় প্রকাশিত ও ইণ্টারনেট্ থেকে লভ্য বিভিন্ন গবেষণা ও গবেষণা-পর্যাালোচনামূলক প্রবন্ধের লিঙ্কগুলি পেতে যথাক্রমে

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1,029 thoughts on “আধুনিক জ্ঞানালোকে (মৃত) সঞ্জীবনী ও বিশল্যকরণী”

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